太譜干貨 | GMAT: Fact or Opinion
先來判斷下面兩個句子是屬于客觀事實(fact)還是主觀判斷(opinion)：
1. Smoking is a nasty habit.
2. Smoking is an unhealthy habit.
Facts (客觀事實) are information that can be proven.
Opinions (主觀判斷) are what you think, it cannot be proven.
判定一條論據是否為客觀事實的重要依據便是它能否被證據和數據加以確定無疑的支撐。
▌以以上兩題為例，我們可以找到大量詳實的數據作為對吸煙有害健康論斷的支持，所以第二題是客觀事實。但吸煙是否讓人感覺不適卻無定論，因此第一題屬于主觀判定。
???接著來看看下面幾題：
1. Football is better than netball. F/O?
2. Swimming is a good way to keep fit. F/O?
3. Superman is the greatest movie of all times. F/O?
4. Justin Bieber is the best-selling album in the USA for 2013. F/O?
5. Basketball is less popular than Baseball in the US. F/O?
6. The Xbox came out before the Wii. F/O?
注意:
Facts can be checked and should be checked.
And opinions cannot be checked!
(答案見文章最后)
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在GMAT的CR考試當中對這兩者的判斷也是非常重要的技能。
▌總結句(conclusion) 作為整個argument的主旨句同時也是作者想要讓讀者讀完整段話之后產生共鳴的地方，具有兩個最基本的特點：
1. 具有主觀性。結論句作為作者的主觀意見，是一個可以被討論(disputable)的觀點而絕非鐵定事實。
2. 具有總結性。它是基于各項證據得出的一項總結性陳述。
???下面來看一篇Gmat例題：
Mathematician: Recently, Zubin Ghosh made headlines when he was recognized to have solved the Hilbert Conjecture, made a hundred years ago. Ghosh simply posted his work on the Internet, rather than submitting it to established journals. In fact, he has no job, let alone a university position; he lives alone and has refused all acclaim. In reporting on Ghosh, the press unfortunately has reinforced the popular view that mathematicians are anti-social loners. But mathematicians clearly form a tightly knit community, frequently collaborating on important efforts; indeed, teams of researchers are working together to extend Ghosh's findings.
- 以上文章中Mathematician之后一直到“he lives alone and has refused all acclaim”的陳述都屬于客觀事實。
- “In reporting on Ghosh, the press unfortunately has reinforced the popular view that mathematicians are anti-social loners.” 而這句話本身作為媒體報道屬于客觀事實，但其中的“popular view that mathematicians are anti-social loners” 則屬于主觀判斷。
- “mathematicians clearly form a tightly knit community, frequently collaborating on important efforts” 為一個清晰的主觀句。
- “indeed, teams of researchers are working together to extend Ghosh's findings.” 則是客觀事實。
- 因此以上文章中“mathematicians clearly form a tightly knit community”這句話既是主觀判定又具有總結性質，是為全篇的conclusion。
可以看出這篇短文采用了觀點對立的討論方法，雖然前半段的總體意見與總結句相左，但它的作用在于引出了后半段的觀點更正，因此全篇的重點依然在于后半段的論證。
▌綜上，客觀事實(facts)和主觀判斷(opinions)雖然大相徑庭，但兩者并不完全對立。客觀事實常常作為證據來支撐作者的主觀判斷。而在現實生活當中，在我們形成了某些觀念之后也會不由自主地留意收集相關證據來加強已有的主觀印象。
1. O 2. F 3. O 4. F 5. O 6. F
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